Screening for People at High Risk of Ovarian Cancer

Ovarian cancer screening is not recommended for the general population, but people with an increased risk of this disease due to a family history may wish to undergo genetic counseling and testing for mutations such as the BRCA genes. 

Some women with BRCA mutations choose to have prophylactic or risk reduction surgeries, which have been shown to lower the risk of ovarian cancer and breast cancer. Speak with your doctor if you are interested in learning about this approach.

Diagnosing and Staging Ovarian Cancer

Diagnosing ovarian cancer often requires several tests. Your doctor may begin the diagnostic process with a pelvic examination, followed by:

  • Blood tests: The CA-125 test detects proteins linked to ovarian cancer, with elevated levels indicating a higher risk.
  • Biopsy: Surgery may be needed to remove ovarian tissue for analysis by a pathologist to see if cancer is present.
  • CT scan: Combines digital X-rays to create detailed cross-sectional images of the ovaries.
  • MRI: Uses magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed 3D images of the reproductive system.
  • PET scan: A small amount of radioactive sugar highlights the activity of tumors.
  • Ultrasound: Use of a probe to examine the ovaries via the abdomen or vagina.

Your doctor may recommend other tests, such as X-rays or colonoscopy, to determine whether cancer has spread to other tissues outside the ovaries.